NUCLEAR PHYSICS
NUCLEAR MODEL OF AN ATOM
According to Ruthford experiment on the basis of high energy electron scattering and the high energy neutron
1 All nuclei are positively charged. The magnitude of a positive charge is an integral multiple of the charge of an electron. This integer is Z is known as atomic number.
2. More than 99.9 percent mass of the atom is concentrated in very small volume of the nucleus because extra nuclear particles are very light.
3. The distribution of positive charge is uniform and spherical in shape with few exceptions.
6. The measurement of nuclear radii suggest that nuclear volume is directly proportional to total number of nucleons present.
V ∞ A
r3 ∞ A
r = r0 A1/3 where A is total number of nucleons (mass number ) r0 is constant of proportionality
NUCLEAR REACTION AND REACTION MATERIALS
MECHANISM OF NUCLEAR FISSION
Uranium exist in Isotopes especially U235 U238 U234 . Out of this U235 is most unstable. When neutron captured by nucleus of U235 , it splits up into two equal fragments and releases 2.5 neutrons are released with large amount of energy about 200 million electron volts liberated. This process is called FISSION. The neutron produced by this process is very fast moving neutrons and can made to involve fission process with other nuclei of U235 . This type of enabling continuous fission is called chain reaction of Nuclear fission. When large number of fission occurs at a stitch enormous heat is produced. The neutron released will have very high velocity of 1.5 x 107 meters per second. The energy liberated in chain reaction according to Einstein law is
E = mc2 where E is energy produced by chain reaction
m is mass in grams and c = speed of light in 3 power 10 x10cm /Sec.
Out of 2.5 neutron released in fission of each nuclei of U235 one neutron is used to sustain the chain reaction and about 0.9 neutron captured by U238 which is gets converted into fissionable material PU235 about 0.6 neutron is absorbed by control rods , coolant , moderator and partly escape from the reactor of Nuclear Power Plants.
NUCLEAR MODEL OF AN ATOM
According to Ruthford experiment on the basis of high energy electron scattering and the high energy neutron
1 All nuclei are positively charged. The magnitude of a positive charge is an integral multiple of the charge of an electron. This integer is Z is known as atomic number.
2. More than 99.9 percent mass of the atom is concentrated in very small volume of the nucleus because extra nuclear particles are very light.
3. The distribution of positive charge is uniform and spherical in shape with few exceptions.
6. The measurement of nuclear radii suggest that nuclear volume is directly proportional to total number of nucleons present.
V ∞ A
r3 ∞ A
r = r0 A1/3 where A is total number of nucleons (mass number ) r0 is constant of proportionality
NUCLEAR REACTION AND REACTION MATERIALS
MECHANISM OF NUCLEAR FISSION
Uranium exist in Isotopes especially U235 U238 U234 . Out of this U235 is most unstable. When neutron captured by nucleus of U235 , it splits up into two equal fragments and releases 2.5 neutrons are released with large amount of energy about 200 million electron volts liberated. This process is called FISSION. The neutron produced by this process is very fast moving neutrons and can made to involve fission process with other nuclei of U235 . This type of enabling continuous fission is called chain reaction of Nuclear fission. When large number of fission occurs at a stitch enormous heat is produced. The neutron released will have very high velocity of 1.5 x 107 meters per second. The energy liberated in chain reaction according to Einstein law is
E = mc2 where E is energy produced by chain reaction
m is mass in grams and c = speed of light in 3 power 10 x10cm /Sec.
Out of 2.5 neutron released in fission of each nuclei of U235 one neutron is used to sustain the chain reaction and about 0.9 neutron captured by U238 which is gets converted into fissionable material PU235 about 0.6 neutron is absorbed by control rods , coolant , moderator and partly escape from the reactor of Nuclear Power Plants.